The importance of protein during cancer care
— By Laura (Buono) Martinell, RD, CSO, CD, CNSC
Even though side effects caused by cancer treatment may make it difficult to eat enough calories and protein, it’s important to try to eat nutritious foods during radiation therapy. The goal is to eat enough to maintain your weight and keep up your strength.
Calorie needs are often higher during treatment and weight loss can be a sign that you’re not getting enough good nutrition to support your body. Weight loss, though common during treatment for cancer, may lead to complications such as delayed healing.
Why do I need protein?
Protein can help keep up your muscle mass and repair any damage to your body caused by treatment. Inadequate protein intake can cause weakness and fatigue. Because of this, it is good to have protein with each meal and snack that you eat.
Nuts and nut butters (like peanut or almond butter), eggs, dairy products, fish, meat and poultry, soy (such as tofu) and legumes are all good sources of protein.
Ideas for high protein snacks and meals:
- Fruit with yogurt or cottage cheese
- Crackers or toast with peanut butter
- Oatmeal with nuts
- Tuna, egg, or chicken salad sandwich, or with crackers
- Hummus and pita chips or vegetable sticks
- Soups with legumes (beans, lentils, and peas)
- Trail mix
Also, check out the recipe ideas at the end of this article.
Can I use protein supplements?
If you’re having a difficult time eating certain foods, you could try pre-made protein shakes, or homemade smoothies that include protein powders. Most protein powders and pre-made protein drinks are available with either whey or pea protein.
Whey protein is derived from milk and contains lactose. For many patients, whey protein is the most easily tolerated, however, if you are lactose intolerant there are other options, too. Pea protein, made from green peas, is a vegetarian source of protein.
If you have an unflavored protein powder, you can also add it to soups, stews, casseroles and baked goods. For flavored protein powders, try adding them to smoothies, mixing in with milk, or stirring into oatmeal.
Your supplemental protein should not have more than 100% of the daily value for antioxidants and should NOT contain any herbal ingredients, such as spirulina, creatine, echinacea, gingko or ginseng, as these can interfere with treatment.
The goal of radiation therapy is to damage the cancer cells. High doses of antioxidants found in supplements may prevent your radiation treatment from being as effective because they may protect the cancer cells. Antioxidants from whole foods are always encouraged.
How do I learn more about protein?
Each patient at Fred Hutch has free access to nutrition services provided by a registered dietitian (RD). Your RD understands your treatment and side effects and can help you maintain good nutrition throughout your cancer care. It will be tailored to your specific needs. If you don't already have one, ask your care team to refer you to a registered dietitian.
Recipes from Fred Hutch’s Cook for Your Life:
Choose Your Own Adventure Yogurt Parfait
Ingredients:
1 cup (8 ounces) plain Greek yogurt
1/2 cup fresh or frozen fruit, such as berries or peaches
1/4 cup mixed nuts, such as walnuts, pecans, almonds or cashews
1 tablespoon mixed seeds, such as flaxseed, chia or sunflower
1 tablespoon shredded, unsweetened coconut flakes
Directions:
In two bowls, divide yogurt evenly and top each bowl with half the amount of fruit, nuts, seeds, and coconut.
High Protein Blueberry Smoothie
Ingredients:
1 1/2 cups blueberries
1/2 cup whole milk
1/2 cup spinach
1/2 banana
1/4 cup protein powder
1/2 cup Greek yogurt
1/2 cup rolled oats
Directions:
Add all ingredients to a blender and blend on high until smooth. Serve immediately.
Laura (Buono) Martinell, RD, CSO, CD, CNSC, is a registered dietician with over 20 years of experience. She works with both proton therapy and general oncology patients and is a board-certified specialist in oncology nutrition and a certified nutrition support clinician.